MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Rural Development Programmes
MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment 2023
MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment July 2022 & Jan 2023
Attempt any One of the following
Q 1. Describe watershed approach in the context of Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP) and Desert Development Programme (DDP). Discuss its main features of planning and implementation as envisaged in the guidelines.
Q 2. Trace the evolution of Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY). Describe the process of its implementation.
Q 3. Why is Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) important in the context of Universal Elementary Education (UEE)? Analyze in detail.
Medium Answers Questions Maximum Marks: 15 each Attempt any Two of the following:
Q 4. Describe various elements that are necessary to ensure Regional Food Security.
Q 5. What is the role of Science and Technology in the process of Rural Development?
Q 6. Critically examine the performance of Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP). What were the factors responsible for its restructuring
Short Answers Questions Maximum Marks: 6 each Attempt any Five of the following
Q 7. Online Management and Monitoring System
Q 8. Accelerated Rural Electrification Programme
Q 9. Earmarking of funds
Q 10. International Trade in the food-grains
Q 11. Elementary Education
Q 12. Revolving Fund
Q 13. Argo -Forestry
Q 14. Basic Needs Concept
Ans 1. The watershed approach is a comprehensive and integrated approach to managing water resources in a holistic manner, taking into consideration the entire watershed as a unit of planning and implementation.
It is an effective strategy for sustainable water management in drought-prone areas and desert regions, and has been widely implemented as part of the Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP) and the Desert Development Programme (DDP) in India.
The DPAP and DDP are two key government programs in India that aim to address the challenges of drought-prone areas and desert regions, respectively, through integrated watershed management approaches.
The watershed approach under these programs emphasizes the need to manage the entire watershed as a unit, considering its hydrological, ecological, social, and economic aspects, to achieve sustainable development and livelihood improvement in these regions. MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment 2023
The main features of planning and implementation of the watershed approach in DPAP and DDP, as envisaged in the guidelines, can be summarized as follows:
Integrated and participatory approach: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP is designed to be integrated and participatory, involving multiple stakeholders, such as local communities, government agencies, NGOs, and other relevant institutions, in the planning and implementation process.
The approach emphasizes the active participation of local communities in decision-making, planning, and implementation, to ensure that their needs and aspirations are taken into consideration, and that the interventions are contextually relevant and sustainable.
Watershed as a unit of planning: The watershed is considered as the basic unit of planning and implementation in the DPAP and DDP.
The approach recognizes that the ecological and hydrological processes in a watershed are interconnected, and any interventions or measures should be planned and implemented at the watershed level to ensure their effectiveness and sustainability. MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment 2023
The watershed is delineated based on the topography, hydrology, and other relevant factors, and forms the basis for planning and implementation of various activities.
Participatory planning and implementation: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP follows a participatory planning and implementation process.
The planning process involves the active participation of local communities, government agencies, and other stakeholders in the identification of problems, setting of objectives, selection of appropriate interventions, and preparation of detailed project plans.
The implementation process involves the active involvement of local communities in the execution of various activities, such as soil and water conservation measures, afforestation, livestock management, and livelihood promotion, among others.
Multi-disciplinary and holistic interventions: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP recognizes the need for multi-disciplinary interventions to address the complex challenges of drought-prone areas and desert regions.
The approach involves a range of interventions, such as soil and water conservation measures, afforestation, horticulture, livestock management, water harvesting, and livelihood promotion, among others. MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment 2023
These interventions are planned and implemented in a holistic manner, taking into consideration the interlinkages between different aspects of the watershed, and aiming for long-term sustainability.
Adaptive management and capacity building: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP emphasizes the need for adaptive management and capacity building of local communities and other stakeholders.
The approach recognizes that the dynamics of a watershed may change over time due to various natural and anthropogenic factors, and therefore requires continuous monitoring, evaluation, and adaptive management to ensure its effectiveness.
Capacity building of local communities and other stakeholders is also an important aspect of the approach, as it helps in enhancing their knowledge, skills, and abilities to manage the watershed resources sustainably.
Convergence and coordination: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP emphasizes the need for convergence and coordination among different government departments and agencies, and other stakeholders, to ensure the effective implementation of interventions. MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment 2023
The approach recognizes that the challenges of drought-prone areas and desert regions are multi-dimensional and require a multi-sectoral approach for effective solutions.
Therefore, the watershed approach encourages coordination and collaboration among different departments, such as agriculture, forestry, water resources, rural development, and livestock, among others, to ensure that interventions are planned and implemented in a coordinated manner, avoiding duplication of efforts and ensuring optimal utilization of resources.
Monitoring, evaluation, and learning: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP emphasizes the importance of monitoring, evaluation, and learning to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of interventions.
Regular monitoring and evaluation of the implemented interventions help in assessing their impact, identifying challenges and gaps, and making necessary adjustments in the approach. MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Learning from the experiences of the implemented projects is also an important aspect of the approach, as it helps in improving the planning and implementation process in subsequent projects.
Financial and institutional sustainability: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP recognizes the importance of financial and institutional sustainability for long-term success.
The approach emphasizes the need for developing mechanisms to ensure the availability of adequate financial resources for planning and implementation of interventions.
It also recognizes the importance of strong institutional arrangements, such as Watershed Committees, user groups, and other local institutions, to ensure the effective management and maintenance of the implemented interventions even after the project period. MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Gender and social inclusion: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP emphasizes gender and social inclusion, recognizing the role of women and marginalized communities in sustainable watershed management.
The approach recognizes that women play a crucial role in natural resource management and livelihoods in rural areas, and therefore their participation in decision-making, planning, and implementation is essential.
The approach also focuses on ensuring the inclusion of marginalized communities, such as Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other socially disadvantaged groups, to ensure that the benefits of interventions are equitably distributed.
Capacity building and knowledge dissemination: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP emphasizes the need for capacity building of local communities, government agencies, and other stakeholders involved in planning and implementation. MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment 2023
This includes building technical, managerial, and institutional capacities to effectively manage the watershed resources, implement interventions, and ensure sustainability.
Capacity-building efforts also focus on knowledge dissemination, promoting awareness, and sharing best practices among stakeholders to foster learning and replication of successful approaches in other areas.
Participatory planning and implementation: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP promotes participatory planning and implementation, involving local communities and other stakeholders in decision-making processes.
This ensures that the interventions are aligned with the needs and priorities of the local communities, and that their knowledge, expertise, and traditional practices are taken into account.
Participatory planning also helps in building ownership, accountability, and community mobilization, leading to more sustainable outcomes.
Innovation and technology adoption: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP encourages innovation and the adoption of appropriate technologies to address the challenges of drought-prone areas and desert regions.
This includes the use of innovative approaches such as rainwater harvesting, agroforestry, soil and water conservation measures, and use of drought-tolerant crop varieties. MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment 2023
The approach also promotes the use of modern technologies such as remote sensing, GIS, and ICT tools for planning, monitoring, and decision-making, leading to more effective and efficient interventions.
Policy and institutional support: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP recognizes the need for policy and institutional support to ensure effective implementation and sustainability of interventions.
This includes creating an enabling policy environment that promotes integrated watershed management, resource allocation, and institutional arrangements for coordination and convergence among different departments and stakeholders.
The approach also emphasizes the importance of institutional capacity building, including the establishment of Watershed Committees, user groups, and other local institutions for effective governance, management, and maintenance of watershed resources. MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment 2023
MRD-101 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Flexibility and adaptive management: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP acknowledges the dynamic nature of natural resources and social systems, and emphasizes the need for flexibility and adaptive management.
This includes the ability to adapt interventions based on changing conditions, learning from experiences, and incorporating feedback from stakeholders.
Adaptive management allows for adjustments and improvements in the planning and implementation process, leading to more effective and sustainable outcomes.
Monitoring and early warning systems: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP recognizes the importance of monitoring and early warning systems to detect and respond to drought and other natural disasters.
This includes the establishment of monitoring systems for rainfall, groundwater levels, soil moisture, and other parameters to provide timely information for decision-making.
Early warning systems help in anticipating drought events and taking proactive measures to mitigate their impacts, such as water conservation, crop diversification, and livelihood diversification.
Convergence with other programs and initiatives: The watershed approach in DPAP and DDP emphasizes the need for convergence with other ongoing programs and initiatives at the national, state, and local levels.
This includes coordination and integration with programs related to agriculture, livestock, forestry, rural development, and other sectors to ensure synergy and avoid duplication of efforts. MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment 2023
Convergence helps in optimizing resource utilization, leveraging additional resources, and achieving sustainable and holistic outcomes.
In summary, the watershed approach in the context of DPAP and DDP is a comprehensive and integrated approach to managing water resources in drought-prone areas and desert regions in India.
It emphasizes participatory planning, integrated interventions, capacity building, convergence, and sustainability.
The approach recognizes the importance of adaptive management, innovation, policy support, and monitoring for effective implementation and management of watershed resources. MRD-102 Solved Free Assignment 2023